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BIOLOGY
REPRODUCTION
REPRODUCTION
Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Asexual reproduction Modes of reproduction-Asexual and sexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
https://schools.aglasem.com/48511
https://schools.aglasem.com/1051
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-1-reproduction-in-organism
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-reproduction-in-organisms/
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/1._REPRODUCTION_IN_ORGANISMS.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-1.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter1.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/1.0/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology
http://priyankatyagikvs.blogspot.com/p/b.html
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/reproduction-in-organisms.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
https://schools.aglasem.com/48511
https://schools.aglasem.com/1051
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-1-reproduction-in-organism
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-reproduction-in-organisms/
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/1._REPRODUCTION_IN_ORGANISMS.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-1.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter1.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/1.0/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology
http://priyankatyagikvs.blogspot.com/p/b.html
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/reproduction-in-organisms.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreedings devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
https://schools.aglasem.com/1053
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-2-sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2._SEXUAL_REPRODUCTION_IN_FLOWERING_PLANTS.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-2.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter2_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/2.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MT-qpsuiOVk_FYlMVG4ogkYlSLVqtEwQ3-ztcKuPfLk/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
https://schools.aglasem.com/1053
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-2-sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2._SEXUAL_REPRODUCTION_IN_FLOWERING_PLANTS.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-2.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter2_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/2.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MT-qpsuiOVk_FYlMVG4ogkYlSLVqtEwQ3-ztcKuPfLk/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/sexual-reproduction-in-flowering-plants.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
https://schools.aglasem.com/48466
https://schools.aglasem.com/1089
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-3-human-reproduction
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-human-reproduction/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/human-reproduction
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/3._HUMAN_REPRODUCTION.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-3.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter3_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/3.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FYjVeXWl5o8ap0xsLQ865RpVBUDfOPywo9N4s06q638/edit
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VEvsdvu8FbP44I60_gryavq8ICssSPq2zYytANfsVCI/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/human-reproduction.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Reproductive Health
https://schools.aglasem.com/48466
https://schools.aglasem.com/1089
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-3-human-reproduction
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-human-reproduction/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/human-reproduction
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/3._HUMAN_REPRODUCTION.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-3.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter3_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/3.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FYjVeXWl5o8ap0xsLQ865RpVBUDfOPywo9N4s06q638/edit
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VEvsdvu8FbP44I60_gryavq8ICssSPq2zYytANfsVCI/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/human-reproduction.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
https://schools.aglasem.com/48456
https://schools.aglasem.com/1092
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-4-reproductive-health
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-reproductive-health/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/reproductive-health
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/4._REPRODUCTIVE_HEALTH.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-4.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter4_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/4.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VEvsdvu8FbP44I60_gryavq8ICssSPq2zYytANfsVCI/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/reproductive-health.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
https://schools.aglasem.com/1092
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-4-reproductive-health
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-reproductive-health/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/reproductive-health
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/4._REPRODUCTIVE_HEALTH.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-4.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter4_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/4.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VEvsdvu8FbP44I60_gryavq8ICssSPq2zYytANfsVCI/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/reproductive-health.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorder in humans – Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
https://schools.aglasem.com/48485
https://schools.aglasem.com/1094
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/principles-of-inheritance-and-variation
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/5._PRINCIPLES_OF_INHERITANCE_AND_VARIATION.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-5.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter5_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/5.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/6.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kgf_cnwg6f1n38qCQQ2Ra_x8K2kdkOwIZdZRfuWPuO4/edit
https://schools.aglasem.com/48485
https://schools.aglasem.com/1094
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-5-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-principles-of-inheritance-and-variation/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/principles-of-inheritance-and-variation
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/5._PRINCIPLES_OF_INHERITANCE_AND_VARIATION.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-5.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter5_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/5.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/6.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kgf_cnwg6f1n38qCQQ2Ra_x8K2kdkOwIZdZRfuWPuO4/edit
For more reference link <Click Here>
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation – Lac Operon; Genome and human ganeome project; DNA fingerprinting.
https://schools.aglasem.com/48467
https://schools.aglasem.com/1113
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-6-molecular-basis-of-inheritance
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-6.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter6_i.php
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/molecular-basis-of-inhertance
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/6._MOLECULAR_BASIS_OF_INHERITANCE.pdf
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-molecular-basis-of-inheritance/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/7.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/8.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kWVmUqAIELUK1KfcXgtYErTjCjztW5TGGvCXaUufqp0/edit
https://schools.aglasem.com/48467
https://schools.aglasem.com/1113
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-6-molecular-basis-of-inheritance
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-6.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter6_i.php
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/molecular-basis-of-inhertance
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/6._MOLECULAR_BASIS_OF_INHERITANCE.pdf
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-molecular-basis-of-inheritance/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/7.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/8.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kWVmUqAIELUK1KfcXgtYErTjCjztW5TGGvCXaUufqp0/edit
For more reference link <Click Here>
Evolution
Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (Paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution – Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
https://schools.aglasem.com/1115
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-7-evolution
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-7.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter7_i.php
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-evolution/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/evolution
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/7._EVOLUTION.pdf
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/9.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/10.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qWeqiwcY8MWx0k4GxNksJ4PhkcbsmDQW9Bto5BS4FYo/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/evolution.asp
https://schools.aglasem.com/1115
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-7-evolution
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-7.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter7_i.php
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-evolution/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/evolution
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/7._EVOLUTION.pdf
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/9.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/10.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qWeqiwcY8MWx0k4GxNksJ4PhkcbsmDQW9Bto5BS4FYo/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/evolution.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE
Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDs; Adolescene, drug and alcholol abuse.
https://schools.aglasem.com/48468
https://schools.aglasem.com/1121
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-8-human-health-and-disease
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-human-health-and-disease/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/human-health-and-diseas
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/8._HUMAN_HEALTH_AND_DISEASE.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-8.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter8_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/11.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/12.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LyAoWWvfYq6ImoG3nyOCHh7nsQWsM-L5rdCccoqD7UQ/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/reproductive-health.asp
https://schools.aglasem.com/48468
https://schools.aglasem.com/1121
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-8-human-health-and-disease
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-human-health-and-disease/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/human-health-and-diseas
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/8._HUMAN_HEALTH_AND_DISEASE.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-8.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter8_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/11.0/
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/12.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LyAoWWvfYq6ImoG3nyOCHh7nsQWsM-L5rdCccoqD7UQ/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/reproductive-health.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Improvement in food production : Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculature and Animal husbandry.
https://schools.aglasem.com/48469
https://schools.aglasem.com/1123
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-9-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/9._STRATEGIES_FOR_ENHANCEMENT_IN_FOOD_PRODUCTION.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-9.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter9_i.php
https://docs.google.com/document/d/19OcyrHBkSrZOC195EZAKdNqRVWveJDmR5dpvAxsTcsg/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Microbes in Human Welfare
https://schools.aglasem.com/48469
https://schools.aglasem.com/1123
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-9-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production
http://biokailashkvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/9._STRATEGIES_FOR_ENHANCEMENT_IN_FOOD_PRODUCTION.pdf
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-9.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter9_i.php
https://docs.google.com/document/d/19OcyrHBkSrZOC195EZAKdNqRVWveJDmR5dpvAxsTcsg/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
Microbes in Human Welfare
Household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
https://schools.aglasem.com/48465
https://schools.aglasem.com/1125
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-9-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-microbes-in-human-welfare/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/microbes-in-human-welfare
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-10.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter10_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/13.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Uw97QVIrLRl-5VvJW7JrGQvyBiMtYksB1JiPZBIuG9s/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/microbes-in-human-welfare.asp
https://schools.aglasem.com/48465
https://schools.aglasem.com/1125
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-9-strategies-for-enhancement-in-food-production
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-microbes-in-human-welfare/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/microbes-in-human-welfare
http://rajkumarbiology.weebly.com/chapter-10.html
http://www.cbseguess.com/ebooks/xii/biology/chapter10_i.php
https://www.ck12.org/book/CBSE_Biology_Book_Class_XII/section/13.0/
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Uw97QVIrLRl-5VvJW7JrGQvyBiMtYksB1JiPZBIuG9s/edit
http://quicktostudy.com/tutorial/class-12-cbse/cbse-class-12-biology-notes/microbes-in-human-welfare.asp
For more reference link <Click Here>
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-11-biotechnology-principles-and-processes
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-biology-biotechnologyprinciples-and-processes/
http://www.saralstudy.com/study-eschool-ncertsolution/12th/biology/biotechnology-principles-and-process
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Biotechnology and its Application
Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
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https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-12-biotechnology-and-its-applications
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ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, Population and ecological adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributesgrowth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
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https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-13-organisms-and-populations
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Ecosystem
Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services – carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).
https://schools.aglasem.com/1132
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-14-ecosystem
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Biodiversity and its Conservation
Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
https://schools.aglasem.com/1161
https://www.vedantu.com/ncert-solutions/ncert-solutions-class-12-biology-chapter-15-biodiversity-and-conservation
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Environmental Issues
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Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s).
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